| Defines fundamental macroeconomic concepts and indicators such as national income, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, aggregate demand, and aggregate supply. |
| Explains macroeconomic models (Classical, Keynesian, IS–LM) and applies them to interpret short-run and long-run economic equilibrium conditions. |
| Analyzes the effects of monetary and fiscal policies on output, employment, inflation, and interest rates in both closed and open economy frameworks. |
| Evaluates macroeconomic developments, global crises, and policy responses by interpreting economic data and assessing their implications for economic stability and growth. |