Endodontics is a specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the soft tissue called pulp, which consists of nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth, as well as the surrounding tissues.
When the pulp tissue, which contains the nerves of the tooth, becomes infected, it can cause pain, swelling, and inflammation. In such cases, a root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is performed by removing the infected pulp, cleaning the root canals with proper irrigation agents, and filling them.
Due to anatomical limitations or iatrogenic factors, root canal treatment may sometimes fail. In such cases, if suitable, retreatment is planned to repeat and correct the previous root canal treatment.
In cases where a tooth does not respond to root canal treatment, the infected tissue at the root tip is surgically removed. This procedure allows many anterior teeth to remain in the mouth for many years without extraction.